Guide to select Kielsteg elements

Guide to select Kielsteg elements_2024

03 KIELSTEG construction element KIELSTEG construction elements… ... are lightweight, strong construction elements made of wood, with a linear cellular structure, which are used to make horizontal structures – structural floors and roofs –with wide clear spans. They use strips of timber to form top and bottom flanges, which are connected by curved webs of plywood or OSB. The name comes from the characteristic curve of the webs inside the elements, which resembles the cross section of a boat’s keel. The system concentrates material exactly where it is needed for optimal load-bearing. Bauen mit Kielsteg bedeutet: o Flexibilität erhöhen…….. Material reduzieren………. Nachhaltigkeit fördern Building with Kielsteg means: Improving the flexibility of use of the building, saving material and promoting sustainability. Certificates The European Technical Assessment regulates the manufacturing and use of Kielsteg elements in the member states of the European Union as the basis for the CE certification mark. Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide the data for environmental assessments. They enable meaningful comparisons of building materials in systems, or in whole buildings, over their whole life cycle … from cradle to grave. PEFC, the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes, is a certification and labelling program for products derived from ecologically, economically and socially sustainable forestry – covering the entire processing chain. When customers buy products with the PEFC label, they can be sure that their purchase supports environmentally friendly forestry. Kielsteg construction elements

04 Raw material wood Things we believe! 1. Only long-term applications of wood – uses that last beyond the natural life cycle of a tree – achieve real sustainability through CO2 sequestration. 2. The time gained by using wood in long-term applications enables the following generations of trees to grow and become a meaningful CO2 sink. Wood is a natural and renewable resource, but using it is only justifiable when it comes from sustainable forestry. We need eco-labels to be unimpeachable, reliable indicators of sustainability! 3. Sustainable forestry is good, but we also need to use the resource ‘wood’ as efficiently as possible, and for that we need manufacturers of wood products to keep innovating. Extending the service life of wood products needs to be a priority. 4. Architects and planners have a responsibility to design buildings that can be used as flexibly as possible, so that their lifetime is as long as possible. Because a long lifetime, along with suitable recycling options, to maximize the time until the wood is burned as a substitute for fossil fuels, are relevant parameters for improving resource efficiency. Austrian Green Planet Building Technology Award 2022 The award honours outstanding sustainable and energy-efficient buildings which are built with the participation of Austrian companies in other countries. www.kielsteg.com

05 Applications Roof Kielsteg elements are most often used to form flat or gently sloped single-pitch roof constructions. Flat roofs are the use case that exploits Kielsteg’s structural performance to the maximum. The linear cellular structure of Kielsteg elements means that they are predestined for use under bending loads. This load-bearing ability is especially valuable whenever there is a need to span wide open spaces. Kielsteg’s unique ability to meet this demand is demonstrated in numerous buildings across Europe. The strengths of Kielsteg make it perfect for o Schools and kindergartens o Indoor sports and event arenas o Supermarktes and superstores o Factories and commercial buildings Kielsteg construction elements

06 Strengths Wide spans Kielsteg’s outstanding loadbearing performance enables roof designs with clear spans from 6 to 27 m. It minimizes the number of supports needed inside a building, maximizing its flexibility of use. Low profile Kielsteg not only spans wide spaces, but it does this while occupying much less height than most alternatives. It achieves the maximum clear height in the interior for any given total building height. Comparing the ratio of span width ‘l’ to built height ‘h’: o Kielsteg element single span l/h =30-35 o Glulam beam single span l/h =15-20 Performance Projecting roofs – a frequent request for supermarkets, commercial and industrial buildings. Kielsteg can be cantilevered out 10 m beyond the body of a building, with no additional supports or reinforcement – technically simple, aesthetically clean. Efficient Kielsteg is manufactured in a factory with close control of process and product parameters to ensure constant quality. Elements are prefabricated exactly to plan. The high level of prefabrication is a key factor for rapid construction. www.kielsteg.com

07 Surface See the quality The natural, untreated surfaces of Kielsteg have a distinctive striped appearance that designers can use to add a touch of class. Kielsteg surfaces also add to the look and feel of a space: you can use them to enhance subjective thermal comfort, colour mood and acoustic quality. No extra cladding of the elements is needed either for aesthetic reasons or for fire resistance. As a continuous flat wooden surface, a Kielsteg ceiling provides a convenient attachment plane for utilities and fittings. Optional grooved surface As well as the standard smooth surface, Kielsteg elements are available with longitudinal grooves – set at different intervals depending on the width of the flanges in the particular element type. The more strongly patterned surface offers an additional design option. The elements are manufactured in surface quality Grade 1 (industry quality) and Grade 2 (visible quality). Characteristic Surface quality 1 (Industrial quality) Surface quality 2 (Visible quality) Planing quality Rough patches acceptable Rough patches not acceptable Scalloping acceptable Scalloping up to 10 mm length, 1 mm depth acceptable Knots Sound knots acceptable, Knot holes acceptable Sound knots acceptable Knot holes greater than 20 mm diameter must be filled Resin pockets Acceptable Pith Acceptable Discoloration Blue stain acceptable Red streaks acceptable Insect damage Acceptable as defined by ÖNORM DIN 4074-1 Edge of webs may be offset below surface Acceptable up to 5 x 50 mm, must be filled if larger Acceptable Discoloration by blue stain and red streaks acceptable on up to 5% of the surface area Not acceptable Offset of web edges is acceptable up to a total length of 0.5 m per 5 m² of surface area Webs Cracks Drying cracks acceptable up to a depth of 1/3 of the flange thickness. Kielsteg construction elements

08 Forms and Types Flat form Cambered form Form of the elements Kielsteg elements are available flat or cambered. Cambered elements have a constant radius of 950 m along their length. Cambered elements are a very useful and proven version of Kielsteg. For structural floor and roof constructions with large clear spans, they meet the requirements on the serviceability limit state more effectively. They also avoid visible sagging. KIELSTEG Types The elements of thickness 280 mm to 370 mm are made with webs of 4 mm spruce and pine plywood. KSE 280 KSE 330 KSE 370 KSE_280-35-102 Element weight 42.9 kg/m² KSE_280-40-102 Element weight 46.7 kg/m² KSE_330-40-93 Element weight 51.4 kg/m² KSE_330-50-93 Element weight 58.9 kg/m² KSE_370-40-85 Element weight 55.9 kg/m² KSE_370-60-85 Element weight 70.7 kg/m² KSE 485 KSE 560 The elements of thickness 485 mm to 900 mm are made with webs of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm OSB3. KSE_485-40-96 Element weight 77.6 kg/m² KSE_485-50-87 Element weight 89.1 kg/m² KSE_560-50-107 Element weight 87.1 kg/m² KSE_560-60-107 Element weight 94.2 kg/m² KSE 610 KSE 730 KSE 800 KSE_610-50-103 Element weight 104.4 kg/m² KSE_610-60-103 Element weight 111.2 kg/m² KSE_730-70-117 Element weight 123.7 kg/m² KSE_730-80-134 Element weight 122.4 kg/m² www.kielsteg.com KSE_800-70-113 Element weight 145.6 kg/m² KSE_800-80-113 Element weight 152.3 kg/m²

09 Dimensions Design principles Kielsteg elements come in heights from 280–800 mm; which height to use depends on structural requirements. The long axis spans the space between the supports. The standard width is 1200 mm ; however, the elements overlap laterally, so that the actual laid unit width is calculated as 1165 mm, plus 5–10 mm joint allowance. Exact widths of the complete assembly are achieved by trimming the first and last elements to a custom width: this should be approximately equal, with a minimum of 600 mm each. First element Standard element Last element 280 mm to 800 mm Laying scheme 280 mm to 800 mm 280 mm to 800 mm Joint boards as shear connector Laying direction First element Standard element Standard element Standard element Last element 0 example 900 9 0 0 1170 Joint 5 mm 2 0 7 0 1170 Joint 5 mm 3 2 4 0 1170 Joint 5 mm 4 4 1 0 x Joint 5 mm Wood expansion and shrinkage Length Service class Bonding Wood Humidity 6.00 m to 35.00 m Service classes 1 and 2 MUF glue of emission class E1 Spruce On delivery: 12 % ± 3 % Dimensional changes longitudinal Dimensional changes lateral Dimensional changes thickness 0,01 % per 1% change in wood moisture content O,24 % per 1% change in wood moisture content negligible Kielsteg construction elements

10 Structural principles Constructing a Kielsteg diaphragm Kielsteg elements are laid in a manner that respects the hygroscopic character of untreated wood, allowing for expansion and shrinkage depending on climatic conditions. The essential measures that achieve this are the overlapping joints between the elements, which incorporate space for movement, and the placement of fastenings at the midline of each element. These factors avoid a buildup of internal stress. However, despite the fact that the elements are not butted hard against each other, they can still transmit significant forces in the horizontal plane, which means that a Kielsteg floor or roof can be considered as a stiff diaphragm and can provide a bracing effect against lateral forces on the structure. Screws concentrated at the element midline The fasteners used to connect the elements to the substructure are concentrated at the midline of each element. This allows for the elements to expand and shrink in their width. The number of fasteners is determined by structural calculations. Alternating joint boards Joint boards fit flush into the top edge profile of the elements; each board is nailed to one of the elements in an alternating pattern. The joint boards butt tightly against each other along the longitudinal axis of the Kielsteg elements, which provides the mechanical linkage that resists applied force and creates an effective diaphragm. A defined movement joint of 5–10 mm between the elements allows them to expand and shrink in their width. Stress-free diaphragm The horizontal bracing effect of a Kielsteg roof or floor is based on the individual elements acting as shear fields which are connected to each other along their long edges. The special joint design allows for internal expansion and shrinkage while still providing a stiff diaphragm. If necessary the whole diaphragm structure can be further reinforced by a layer of OSB boards laid on top of the elements. www.kielsteg.com Screws at midline Alternating joint boards Movement joint Joint boards as shear connector Kielsteg as stiff diaphragm q h

11 Openings Guide to forming openings Openings and penetrations for stairs, skylights and other purposes should be specifically designed. Openings of up to 25x25 cm can be made without reinforcing the element, as long as the remaining cross- section of the element is adequate for the applied load. The required fire resistance class is achieved by suitable covering and cladding of the opening. To maintain the strength of the KIELSTEG assembly around larger openings, the elements are reinforced with wooden beams as needed. This can be done in a number of ways depending on the structural and aesthetic needs. Generally, the width of an opening should not exceed 120 cm. There is no limit to the length of the opening. Type 1: In this variant, the load on the affected Kielsteg element is transferred to the neighbouring elements using wooden beams. These can be positioned on top of the Kielsteg elements or underneath them, as required. Section a-a Type 2: In this version, the load on the Kielsteg element interrupted by the opening is transferred to longitudinal glulam beams. These can be linked to the ends of the opening either above or below the Kielsteg element. This construction can also be used for full-length skylight strips between the Kielsteg elements. Section b-b Kielsteg construction elements

12 Fire protection Guide to fire resistance Suitably dimensioned Kielsteg elements qualify as fire resistance class REI 30 or REI 60 without any additional cladding of the lower surface. Penetrations through the elements for pipes or other installations are possible with suitable measures to protect their integrity as space-enclosing partitions. Because of the cellular structure of the Kielsteg elements, with the top and bottom flange layers of solid wood, the fire duration until failure and the remaining load-bearing ability are evaluated in terms of the burning of the flange layer next to the fire source. With fire-protective tape in the joints between the elements, these are confirmed to fulfil the stated fire resistance classes. Fire resistance classes that can be achieved with different Kielsteg types KSE 280 KSE 330 KSE 370 KSE 485 KSE 560 KSE 610 KSE 730 KSE 800 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 REI 30 REI 60 The fire resistance of Kielsteg has been classified in accordance with the following standards: Fire resistance class Fire resistance duration t in minutes According to EN 1363-1 Fire retardant and EN 11365-2 Highly fire retardant ˃ 30 min ˃ 60 min REI 30 REI 60 According to DIN 4102 Normally flammable According to EN 13501-1 D-s1,d0 B2 Klasse D European fire classification of construction products The calculation for exposure to fire on one side from below is done as specified in ÖNORM EN 1995-1-2. dchar,0 = β0 × t At β0 = 0.656 mm/min and t = 30 minutes, dchar,0 = 19.7 mm. At β0 = 0.656 mm/min und t = 60 minutes, dchar,0 = 39.4 mm. h dred d0 dchar,0 d0 dchar,0 dred β0 = Zero strength layer 7 mm = Char depth = Reduced depth = Charring rate 0.656 mm/min www.kielsteg.com

13 Thermal insulation The green zone and the power plant on the roof The optimal roof layup with Kielsteg is a warm roof with thermal insulation on the outside: this gives the most robust behaviour in terms of building physics, long life and sustainability. As roofs also represent a significant area in terms of soil sealing, we also should be looking at their potential to mitigate this effect. Many Kielsteg roofs are used as green roofs and for solar power generation. Recommended roof layup with outside insulation U-values The insulation thicknesses needed to achieve different U-values are shown in the table below. The figures are for warm roof constructions with mineral insulation. Due to the large variety of available materials for the vapour barrier, insulation and outer roofing, it is not possible to cover all of their properties here. It will be necessary to choose a combination of materials that meets the requirements of the individual project for waterproofing and humidity regulation. Insulation depth KSE 280 KSE 330 KSE 370 KSE 485 KSE 560 KSE 610 KSE 730 KSE 800 Mineral insulation ʎ = 0.040 120 mm 140 mm 160 mm 180 mm 200 mm 0.242 0.216 0.195 0.177 0.163 0.241 0.215 0.194 0.177 0.162 0.232 0.208 0.188 0.172 0.158 0.240 0.214 0.193 0.176 0.162 0.232 0.208 0.188 0.172 0.158 0.224 0.201 0.183 0.167 0.154 0.218 0.196 0.178 0.164 0.151 0.210 0.190 0.173 0.160 0.148 Kielsteg construction elements

14 Sound insulation and acoustics Guide to sound insulation Kielsteg structural floors achieve the normal standards for airborne and impact noise insulation in residential and residential-like use with the usual and well-proven floor layups. Our basic warm roof layup, which is chosen to meet hygrothermic requirements, already provides significant sound insulation. Further soundproofing can be achieved by increasing the insulation thickness or adding a green roof layer. Schallschutz Kielsteg roof layup Kielsteg floor layup Airborne sound Rw = 50.0 dB Roofing membrane 14.0 cm mineral insulation Vapour barrier Kielsteg Airborne sound Rw = 58.7 dB Impact sound LnTw = 47.2 dB 6.0 cm floor screed + PVC membrane 3.5 cm footfall sound insulation 5.0 cm bound fill + trickle protection sheet Kielsteg Airborne sound Rw = 59.5 dB Impact sound LnTw = 43.2 dB A 1.2 cm gypsum board mounted on acoustic brackets with 7.0 cm rockwool filling in the ceiling cavity gives an even higher level of soundproofing. Acoustics The dimensions and geometry of a space as well as the material properties of its surfaces affect the auditory experience of sounds such as speech or music. The reverberation time is affected in a frequency- dependent manner by the absorption surface area and its relation to the volume of the space. Testing of sound absorption by Kielsteg elements is done in accordance with EN ISO 354. The rating of the frequency- dependent sound absorption characteristics of a material is described in EN ISO 11654. The weighted sound absorption coefficient for Kielsteg elements with a smooth surface is αw = 0.10. Octave band 125 HZ 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Median frequency fm Sound absorption coefficient α KIELSTEG 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 The grooved Kielsteg elements have a slightly increased absorption in the 200 Hz third band. www.kielsteg.com

15 Permissible span widths Use as roof element The main applications of KIELSTEG elements are as structural floors and flat or low-slope roofs with wide spans in the service classes 1 and 2. Use of Kielsteg exposed to the weather in service class 3 is not allowed. Kielsteg roofs must have a minimum slope of 3%. The slope should not exceed 15% along the length of the elements or 5% laterally. Load tables for roof structures of service class 1 qk (kN/m) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Type l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 KSE_280-35-102 KSE_280-40-102 KSE_330-40-93 KSE_330-50-93 KSE_370-40-85 KSE_370-60-85 KSE_485-40-96 KSE_485-50-87 KSE_560-50-107 KSE_560-60-107 KSE_610-50-103 KSE_610-60-103 KSE_730-70-117 KSE_730-80-134 KSE_800-70-113 KSE_800-80-113 14.5 14.8 16.8 17.2 18.3 19.1 20.6 21.2 23.7 24.4 24.6 25.4 29.5 30.4 30.8 31.4 12.5 12.9 14.7 15.0 16.0 16.7 18.0 18.5 20.7 21.3 21.5 22.1 25.8 26.5 26.9 27.4 13.2 13.4 15.3 15.7 16.7 17.6 19.0 19.6 21.9 22.6 22.9 23.6 27.6 28.4 28.9 29.6 11.5 11.7 13.3 13.7 14.6 15.4 16.6 17.2 19.2 19.8 20.0 20.6 24.1 24.8 25.3 25.8 12.2 12.5 14.2 14.7 15.5 16.4 17.7 18.4 20.6 21.3 21.6 22.3 26.1 26.9 27.5 28.1 10.7 10.9 12.4 12.8 13.5 14.4 15.5 16.1 18.0 18.6 18.8 19.5 22.8 23.5 24.0 24.5 11.3 11.5 12.9 13.5 14.1 15.5 16.8 17.5 19.5 20.2 20.5 21.2 24.9 25.7 26.3 26.9 10.0 10.3 11.7 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.7 15.3 17.1 17.7 17.9 18.5 21.8 22.4 22.9 23.5 9.5 9.8 11.0 11.6 12.1 13.4 16.0 16.7 18.7 19.3 19.6 20.3 23.9 24.6 25.2 25.9 9.5 9.7 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.9 14.0 14.6 16.3 16.9 17.1 17.8 20.9 21.5 22.0 22.6 Calculate the sum of the characteristic load from the weight of the roof layup and the snow load; the numbers already allow for the dead weight of the Kielsteg elements. Kielsteg construction elements

16 Use as roof element The table below shows the camber (pitch height) at different span lengths. Since the radius of the camber is constant at 950 m, the pitch height increases with the span length. Span (m) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pitch height (cm) 0.47 0.64 0.84 1.06 1.31 1.59 1.89 2.22 2.57 2.96 3.36 Span (m) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pitch height (cm) 3.80 4.26 4.75 5.26 5.80 6.36 6.96 7.57 8.22 8.89 9.59 Load tables for roof structures of service class 1 qk (kN/m) 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 Type l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 l/200 l/300 KSE_280-35-102 KSE_280-40-102 KSE_330-40-93 8.4 8.6 9.6 8.4 8.6 9.6 KSE_330-50-93 10.2 10.2 KSE_370-40-85 KSE_370-60-85 KSE_485-40-96 KSE_485-50-87 KSE_560-50-107 KSE_560-60-107 KSE_610-50-103 KSE_610-60-103 KSE_730-70-117 KSE_730-80-134 KSE_800-70-113 KSE_800-80-113 10.5 11.8 15.3 16.1 17.9 18.6 18.5 19.6 22.8 23.7 23.8 25.0 10.5 11.8 13.4 14.0 15.7 16.2 16.5 17.1 20.1 20.7 21.3 21.8 7.4 7.6 8.5 9.0 9.4 10.5 14.4 15.5 17.1 17.9 17.6 18.8 21.7 23.0 22.7 23.8 7.4 7.6 8.5 9.0 9.4 10.5 12.9 13.5 15.1 15.7 15.9 16.5 19.5 20.1 20.6 21.1 6.7 6.9 7.7 8.1 8.5 9.5 13.7 14.9 16.3 17.4 16.7 17.9 20.7 22.2 21.7 22.8 6.7 6.9 7.7 8.1 8.5 9.5 12.5 13.1 14.6 15.2 15.4 16.0 18.9 19.5 20.0 20.5 6.1 6.2 7.0 7.4 7.7 8.6 13.1 14.3 15.5 16.7 16.0 17.2 19.8 20.8 20.8 21.9 6.1 6.2 7.0 7.4 7.7 8.6 12.2 12.7 14.2 14.8 15.0 15.6 18.4 18.9 19.5 20.0 5.5 5.7 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.9 12.6 13.7 14.9 15.7 15.4 16.5 19.1 19.2 20.0 21.1 5.5 5.7 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.9 11.8 12.4 13.8 14.4 14.6 15.2 17.9 18.5 19.0 19.5 Calculate the sum of the characteristic load from the weight of the roof layup and the snow load; the numbers already allow for the dead weight of the Kielsteg elements. www.kielsteg.com

17 Permissible span widths Use as structural floor The serviceability of structural floors with wide spans is assessed primarily by evaluating their vibrational properties. The analysis needs to consider the deflection under load and the vibrational frequencies. Floors in residential buildings must avoid ‘vibrations annoying to humans’. As single-span systems, structural floors with Kielsteg enable spans from 6 to 13 m. In our load tables we show values designed to comply with vibrations of 6 Hz or 8 Hz. Load tables for structural floors in apartment and office buildings qk (kN/m) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Typ 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz KSE_280-35-102 KSE_280-40-102 KSE_330-40-93 KSE_330-50-93 KSE_370-40-85 KSE_370-60-85 KSE_485-40-96 KSE_485-50-87 8.3 8.4 9.3 9.5 9.9 10.3 10.9 11.1 7.2 7.3 8.0 8.2 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.7 8.0 8.1 8.9 9.1 9.5 9.9 10.5 10.8 6.9 7.0 7.7 7.9 8.3 8.6 9.1 9.3 7.7 7.8 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.2 10.5 KSE_560-50-107 12.1 10.5 11.7 10.1 11.4 6.7 6.8 7.5 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.8 9.1 9.9 7.5 7.6 8.4 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.9 10.2 11.1 KSE_560-60-107 12.4 10.7 12.0 10.4 11.7 10.1 11.4 KSE_610-50-103 12.5 10.8 12.1 10.5 11.8 10.2 11.5 6.5 6.6 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 9.9 6.6 6.8 7.6 8.0 8.4 9.1 9.7 10.0 10.8 11.1 11.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.9 8.4 8.6 9.4 9.6 9.7 5.9 6.1 6.8 7.2 7.5 8.4 9.4 9.7 10.6 10.9 11.0 KSE_610-60-103 12.8 11.1 12.4 10.7 12.1 10.4 11.8 10.2 11.5 10.0 11.3 5.9 6.1 6.8 7.1 7.4 7.7 8.2 8.4 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.8 KSE_730-70-117 14.3 12.4 13.9 12.1 13.6 11.8 13.3 11.5 13.0 11.2 12.7 11.0 KSE_730-80-134 14.6 12.7 14.2 12.3 13.9 12.0 13.6 11.7 13.3 11.5 13.0 11.3 KSE_800-70-113 14.8 12.8 14.4 12.5 14.1 12.2 13.8 11.9 13.5 11.7 13.2 11.5 KSE_800-80-113 15.0 13.0 14.7 12.7 14.3 12.4 14.0 12.1 13.7 11.9 13.5 11.7 Calculate the sum of the characteristic load from the weight of the roof layup and the snow load; the numbers already allow for the dead weight of the Kielsteg elements. Kielsteg construction elements

18 Use as structural floor Load transmission In Kielsteg structural floor constructions, the essential structural point to observe is avoiding a compressive load on the element at the points where it rests on the substructure. Loads from above – such as from load- bearing walls or columns – must be transmitted past the Kielsteg element directly into the substructure. The ends of the Kielsteg elements are prefabricated with cutouts to fit precisely around columns. Loads from walls are carried by a framework resting on solid wooden sills at the level of the Kielsteg elements. Load transmission past Kielsteg Load tables for structural floors in apartment and office buildings qk (kN/m) 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 Type 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz 6 Hz 8 Hz KSE_280-35-102 KSE_280-40-102 KSE_330-40-93 KSE_330-50-93 KSE_370-40-85 KSE_370-60-85 KSE_485-40-96 KSE_485-50-87 KSE_560-50-107 KSE_560-60-107 KSE_610-50-103 KSE_610-60-103 5.4 5.5 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.7 9.3 9.6 10.4 10.7 10.8 11.1 5.4 5.5 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.6 8.0 8.3 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.6 4.9 5.1 5.7 6.0 6.3 7.1 9.1 9.4 10.2 10.5 10.6 10.9 4.9 5.1 5.7 6.0 6.3 7.1 7.9 8.1 8.8 9.1 9.2 9.4 4.5 4.7 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.5 8.9 9.2 10.0 10.3 10.4 10.7 4.5 4.7 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.5 7.7 8.0 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.3 4.2 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.4 6.1 8.8 9.1 9.9 10.1 10,.3 10.5 4.2 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.4 6.1 7.6 7.9 8.5 8.8 8.9 9.1 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.7 8.6 8.9 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.4 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.7 7.5 7.7 8.4 8.6 8.7 9.0 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.3 8.5 8.8 9.6 9.3 10.0 10.2 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.3 7.4 7.6 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.9 KSE_730-70-117 12.5 10.8 12.3 10.6 12.1 10.5 11.9 10.3 11.8 10.2 11.6 10.0 KSE_730-80-134 12.8 11.1 12.6 10.9 12.4 10.7 12.2 10.6 12.0 10.4 11.5 10.3 KSE_800-70-113 13.0 11.3 12.8 11.1 12.6 10.9 12.4 10.8 12.3 10.6 12.1 10.5 KSE_800-80-113 13.3 11.5 13.0 11.3 12.9 11.1 12.7 11.0 12.5 10.8 12.3 10.7 Calculate the sum of the characteristic load from the weight of the floor layup and the service load; the numbers already allow for the dead weight of the Kielsteg elements. www.kielsteg.com